Influence of the growing ETF industry on active investor relations work 21Fundamentals of passive investments and ETFs 2008 p 12 This approach quickly changed and the search for fast and quick access to everything at all times led to many disruptions in the financial industry ETFs being one example Abner 2016 p 5 Assets managed in ETFs increased more than sixteen fold in thirteen years Heinrich Jänner 2018 p 349 2 2 2 1 Current ETF landscape World At the beginning of 2020 over 7 000 ETFs worldwide were available with assets of more than US 6tn Kühn 2020a p 13 This number of ETFs globally steadily increased from 276 in 2003 to 7 602 in 2020 a rise in the amount by 27 5 times in 17 years as can be seen in figure 1 Statista 2021b The assets invested in ETFs see figure 2 had an even stronger development as the number of ETFs In the same period of time between 2003 and 2020 AUM of ETFs rose from US 204 3bn in 2003 to US 7 736bn in 2020 corresponding to a growth of nearly 38 times Statista 2021a In 2020 US 762 9bn were invested into ETF products in the US a 34 increase compared to 2019 In this context more than 50 of this investment volume is man aged by Blackrock and Vanguard Together with State Street the trio holds 19tn in AUM making up a tenth of quoted securities worldwide FT 2021 Nowadays 80 of the US 4 5tn invested in ETFs is locked in equity funds The other 20 are made up by different kinds of ETFs which are not only tracking equities This percentage of non eq uity ETFs is forecasted to further grow Non eq uity ETFs give investors exposure to other asset classes especially in fixed income As can be seen in figure 3 fixed income ETFs are the second most asked asset class of ETFs worldwide espe cially in the EMEA region J P Morgan 2020 p 9 By investing in fixed income ETFs investors gain access to bonds that were only available for insti Figure 1 Number of ETFs worldwide from 2003 to 2020 Source Statista

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